@MarkS Yes, it would be nice if one could quickly determine reasonable PID values without constant testing. Strangely, this only occurs with the autopilot activated in the Cessna 152 when tracking VORs; everything is fine when tracking the GPS flight path. Therefore, I wondered if MSFS had artificially degraded the signal using a random number generator.
But that can't be the case, since the C172 doesn't have this problem.
What always works is the cone of confusion and, of course, the maximum range. To avoid triggering an error due to the missing line of sight, I also tested this at higher altitudes in flat terrain. Sometimes the autopilot tracks 50 NM without interruption, and then it cuts out for no apparent reason.
There's also a peculiarity with the C152 that I only discovered by constantly monitoring the bus voltage variable. For a few milliseconds, the bus voltage drops to zero. You can't see it on the instruments. But since a missing bus voltage triggers a restart of my autopilot in my LUA script, it keeps restarting. The autopilot in the Cessna remains switched on.
In summary, this means to me that clean tracking can only be achieved with correct PID values for navigation, roll, etc.